In this lab, we will implement a trie for storing strings and use it to predict words as they are being typed.
Modern smartphones include keyboard assistants that will suggest words while you are typing. There are many data structures that can be used to assist in this interaction, to predict the remainder of words, and autocorrect typed words. One such data structure is a trie, which divides the words into their component characters, and then stores the words in such a way that words with a shared prefix share a part of the tree.
There are two main components to the model found in the skeleton project: a Trie to store the tree of strings, and a SortedArrayMap to map characters to child Tries. SortedArrayMap in turn is implemented in terms of a SortedArray class.
You will only have to write code in the Trie class, but you will need to also look at the other classes to see what methods are available. Methods that remain to be implemented in the Trie class have been marked with TODO for easy identification.
Implement the size method. It should essentially count how many Trie nodes have isMember set to true. This can be done recursively:
isMember is true, count 1.size recursively on all children.To iterate over all children, you can use a foreach loop, which depends on the iterator() method from SortedArrayMap.
Implement getChildWith and find.
getChildWith is not recursive. It just gets the child corresponding to a given letter one level down, or returns Optional.empty() if no child corresponds to that letter. This method is just for convenience when implementing the find method.
find is another helper method you may find useful later. It follows an entire String through the trie, taking one step down per character. It returns a stack of Trie nodes that trace the path that corresponds to the prefix. If the prefix is not present, the stack will contain all of the leading characters from the prefix that are present. The stack is implemented using an object of the ArrayDeque class. It does not matter whether isMember is set or not.
find is employed as a helper method.
Implement contains, which tests whether a given string is contained in the trie (note "contained" means "isMember is set").
Implement add, which adds a new word to the trie.
Implement a simple version of remove, which simply finds the end of the word to remove and then sets isMember to false. This will pass all the tests but leaves lots of useless Trie nodes lying around; see Step 5.
Implement inorder and successorsTo. See the comments in the code for descriptions of what they should do. Coming up with a good way to organize inorder is tricky. Feel free to ask me for hints. Once you have written inorder, it should be possible to write successorsTo in a concise way that reuses several previous pieces.
Implement a better version of remove, which actually deletes any unneeded Trie nodes. The stack of nodes returned by find may be helpful in this task.
| Cumulative Progress | Points Earned |
|---|---|
| Step 1 | 10 |
| Step 2 | 13 |
| Step 3 | 15 |
| Step 4 | 17 |
| Step 5 | 20 |